THE NAUTILUS

Volume 130, Number 1
March 31, 2016
ISSN 0028-1344

A quarterly devoted
to malacology.

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Field Museum of
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T H

CONTENTS

Shuqian Zhang
J unlong Zhang
Suping Zhang

Fernanda Cahrera
Sergio Martinez
Walter Norbis

Gary W. Schmelz
Roger W. Portell

Alan R. Rabat
Eugene V. Coan

G. Thomas Watters

Notice

E0NAUTILUS

Volume 130, Number 1
March 31, 2016
ISSN 0028-1344

A new species of Bathyacmaea (Gastropoda: Peetinodontidae)

from a methane seep area in the South China Sea . 1

Recognition of Biomphalaria species (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) using

die spiral growth variability, with description of a new' fossil species . 5

Three new species of Neogene Truncatella Risso, 1840

(Gastropoda: Truncatellidae) from Florida, USA . 13

Zeitschrift fiir Malakozoologie (1844-1853):

A history and collation . 17

Identification and redescription of the Haitian Chondropoma semilahre
of Bartsch, 1946, non Lamarck, 1822 (Gastropoda: Annulariidae) . 23

26

Errata

26

Sponsored in part by the State of
Florida, Department of State,
Division of Cultural Affairs and the
Florida Council on Arts and Culture

CULTURE

BUILDS

FLORIDA

FLORIDA DEPARTMENT ofSTATE
DIVISION of CULTURAL AFFAIRS

THE NAUTILUS 130(1):1— 4, 2016

Page 1

A new species of Bathyacmaea (Gastropoda: Pectinodontidae)
from a methane seep area in the South China Sea

Shuqian Zhang
Junlong Zhang
Suping Zhang1

Institute of Oceanology,

Chinese Academy of Sciences
Qingdao 266071,' CHINA
1 museum@qdio.ac.cn

ABSTRACT

Bathyacmaea lactea new species, collected from a methane
seep area in the South China Sea, is described and illustrated,
as the sixth species of the genus Bathyacmaea Okutani, Tsuchida
and Fujikura, 1992. The generic assignment is primarily based
on radula morphology, which has a formula of 0-1-0-1-0 and
each lateral teeth consists of three cusps. The new species
resembles Bathyacmaea jonassoni Beck, 1996, Bathyacmaea
tertia Sasaki, Okutani, and Fujikura, 2003, and Bathyacmaea
secunda Okutani, Fujikura and Sasaki, 1993 in having relatively
smoodi shell sculpture, but differs from diose species by its
much thicker shell, strongly chipped aperture margin forming
denticle-like structures, and radular morphology.

Additional keywords: Patellogastropoda, Lottioidea, cold seep,
radula

INTRODUCTION

The genus Bathyacmaea was established by Okutani,
Tsuchida, and Fujikura (1992: 140) on the basis of single
species, Bathyacmaea nipponica , off Hatsushima Islet,
japan. Since then, four species have been described
by subsequent authors, Bathyacmaea secunda Okutani,
Fujikura, and Sasaki (1993: 130, figs 13-19) from Minami
Ensei Knoll and Iheya Ridge, Japan, Bathyacmaea
jonassoni Beck (1996: 90, text-fig. 3, plate 2) from Edison
Seamount, off Lihir Island, Bathyacmaea suhnipponica
Sasaki, Okutani, and Fujikura (2003: 193, fig. 6) from
Ryuyo Canyon, Japan and Bathyacmaea tertia Sasaki,
Okutani, and Fujikura (2003: 190, figs 3B, 4, 5) from
North Knoll of Iheya Ridge, Japan. In addition, an
unnamed species, Bathyacmaea sp., was also reported by
Sasaki, Okutani, and Fujikura (2003: 195, fig. 7) from the
Suinisu Caldera, Japan. Up to now, all known members

1 Author for correspondence

of this genus are restricted to deep sea areas in the
western Pacific.

Since the beginning of exploration of the benthic com¬
munities associated with hydrothermal vents, seeps, and
seamounts carried out in the western Pacific, many inter¬
esting and new species of mollusks have been reported
(Beck, 1992; Hasegawa, 1997; Hasegawa et al., 1997;
Waren and Bouchet, 2001; Hasegawa, 2005; Sasaki et al.,
2005, 2008). The investigations of hydrothermal vents and
seeps by the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences (IOCAS) started in 2014, and during research
dives by the submersible ROV Faxian in April of that year,
five specimens of patelliform gastropod were collected
from cold seep areas in the South China Sea. Observations
of the shell and radular moqdiology reveal that they rep¬
resent an undescribed species belonging to Bathyacmaea.
In this paper, we describe and illustrate this species as
new to science, and compare it with other congeners.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of five specimens were collected during two dives
of the ROV Faxian (IOCAS) in April, 2014 at a methane
seep area in the South China Sea. The materials were
fixed in 99.5% ethanol directly after collection. The shell
and soft part were observed under light microscopy, and
the radular structure under a scanning electron micro¬
scope (SEM).

For SEM studies, radular sacs were removed and

placed in 10% NaOH solution for 4-5 hours. The radula
was then dehydrated through an ethanol series and laid
on a cover slip to air-dry. The samples were then coated
with gold and examined under a Hitachi S-3400N scanning
electron microscope. Type material s is deposited in the
Marine Biological Museum, Chinese Academy of Sciences
(MBMCAS), Qingdao, China.

SYSTEMATICS

Family Pectinodontidae Pilsbry, 1891

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THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 130, No. 1

Figures 1-9. Batlujacmaea lactea new species. 1-3. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral view of holotype. 4-5. Dorsal and ventral view
of paratype. 6-9. Radula. 6. Single lateral tooth under light microscopy. 7. Dorsal view of intact radular segment. 8. Enlargement
of right lateral teeth. 9. Basal plates representing rachidian teeth.

S. Zhang et ah, 2016

Page 3

Genus Bathyacmaea Okutani, Tsuchida, and
Fujikura, 1992

Type Species: Bathyacmaea nipponica Okutani,
Tsuchida and Fujikura, 1992 (Matsushima Islet, Japan).

Bathyacmaea lactea new species

(Figures 1-9)

Diagnosis: Shell whitish, longitudinally elongated. Shell
surface with relatively smooth sculpture consisting of
dense growth lines and microscopic radial threads.
Apertural margin strongly chipped, forming denticle-like
structure. Radular formula 0-1-0-1-0. Lateral teeth
trifurcated, with straight, stout shaft. All three cusps out¬
wardly bent; innermost and middle cups sickle-shaped and
subequal in size, outermost one smallest, with acute tip.

Description: Shell (Figures 105) patelliform, very thick
(ea. 1.5 mm and ca. 1.2 mm above aperture margin in
holotype and paratype, respectively), and solid, with oval
outline, longer than wide, width about 82-87% of length,
anterior end slightly narrower than posterior end. Profile
high for genus, height about 43-09% of shell length. Apex
situated at anterior 2/5 of shell length. Protoconch
rounded and smooth. Anterior slope more or less straight
and posterior slope slightly convex. External surface
opaque white, sculptured with dense irregular growth
lines and microscopic radial threads, the growth lines
relatively thin near the apex but gradually stronger toward
the apertural margin. Apertural margin strongly chipped,
forming denticle-like structure in holotype but less promi¬
nent in paratype. Internal surface opaque whitish with
exception of yellowish near apertural margin in holotype.

Animal (Figures 5, 10) with very short tentacles, eyes
lacking. Head stout and rounded, without oral lappets.
Ctenidium bipectinate and large. Intestine blackish due
to dark-grey contents, stomach very large, C-shaped, sit¬
uated in central position and partly covered by diges¬
tive gland. Intestine and stomach containing lumpish
and spongy material. Gonad situated at posterior end
of visceral mass. Urogenital papilla digitiform in shape,
situated on right rear corner of ctenidium.

Radula (Figures 6-9) docoglossate with formula 0-1-0-
1-0. Rachidian tooth represented by longitudinal, ridge¬
like structure. Rachidian basal plate wider than long,
mid-anterior edge and anterior outer corners markedly
protruded. Lateral tooth trifurcated, and with straight,
stout shaft. All three cusps outwardly bent, innermost
and middle cusps sickle-shaped and subequal in size,
outermost one smallest with an acute tip.

Type Locality: A methane seep area at 22°07' N,
119° 18' E, in 1132.5 m depth. South China Sea.

Type Material: Holotype M BM283045 (length 18.5 mm,
width 15.2 mm, height 9.1 mm), from type locality;
Paratype MBM283046 (length 19.6 mm, width 17.0 mm,
height 8.5 mm), 22°06' N, 119°17 E, in 1,132 m, meth¬
ane seep area, South China Sea. Three additional imma¬
ture specimens, one collected with holotype (type locality)

Figure 10. Paratype of Bathyacmaea lactea new species.
Dorsal view, shell removed, head and cephalic tentacles shown
by transparency. Abbreviations: a, anus; abv, afferent bran¬
chial vein: bet, bipectinate ctenidium; et, cephalic tentacle;
dg, digest gland; ebv, efferent branchial vein; gon, gonad;
h, head; in, intestine; pm, pallia! margin; re, rectum; sin, shell
muscle; sto, stomach; ugp, urogenital papilla.

and the other two with the paratype, were also observed.
All collected by ROV Faxian (Mother-ship R/V Kexue,
IOCAS), April, 2014.

Etymology: Latin lactea , meaning milky white, a ref¬
erence to die shell color of the new species.

Comparative Remarks: Members of Bathyacmaea
are restricted to the western Pacific. Until now, five
species have been reported. With exception of
Bathyacmaea jona.ssoni Beck, 1996, found on a seamount,
all other species were discovered within or near the
chemoautosynthesis-based communities: Bathyacmaea
nipponica and Bathyacmaea suhnipponica from cold
seeps, and Bathyacmaea tertia and Bathyacmaea secunda
from hydrothermal vents.

Observations on shell and radula confirm that the new
species belongs to the genus Bathyacmaea. Therefore,
Bathyacmaea lactea new species represents the sixth rec¬
ognized species of the genus. In shell characters, the
new species differs from all congeners by its much
thicker shell. Bathyacmaea lactea new species can be
readily distinguished from Bathyacmaea nipponica and
Bathyacmaea suhnipponica in having relatively smooth
rather than granulated or nodular shell sculpture.
The new species resembles Bathyacmaea jonassoni.

Page 4

THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 130, No. 1

Bathyacmaea tertia, and Bathyacmaea secunda in hav¬
ing relatively smooth shell sculpture. However, in
Bathyacmaea lactea, the outermost cusp of lateral
tooth is outward-bent, with pointed tip, whereas in
Bathyacmaea teiiia the outermost cusps of the lateral
tooth are straight with a gently arched outer edge.
Bathyacmaea lactea is different from Bathyacmaea
secunda in having elongated rather than nearly circular
shell, moderately high instead of low shell, much wider
innermost cusp and much more slender outermost cusp
of lateral teeth. Bathyacmaea jonassoni can he separated
from the new species in having much more elongated
and slender shafts of lateral teeth.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This research was supported by the Strategic Priority'
Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
(XDA1 1030201). We would like to express our sincere
thanks to the crews of R/V Kexue for their cooperation
during the survey. Thanks also to Dr. Lothar A. Beck
for proving us important references.

LITERATURE CITED

Beck, L.A. 1992. Two new neritacean limpets (Gastropoda:
Prosobranchia: Neritacea: Phenaeolepadidae) from active
hydrothermal vents at Hydrothermal Field 1 “Wienerwald”
in the Manus Back-Arc Basin (Bismarck Sea, Papua-
New Guinea). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums
in Wien 93(B): 259-275.

Beck, L.A. 1996. Moqrhology and anatomy of new species of
neolepetopsid, acmaeid, fissurellid and pyropeltid limpets

from Edison Seamount off Lihir Islands (West Pacific).
Archiv fur Molluskenkunde 125: 87-103.

Hasegawa, H. 2005. A preliminary list of deep sea gastropods
from Nansei Islands, Southwestern Japan. National Science
Museum Monographs 29: 137-190.

Hasegawa, K. 1997. Sunken wood-associated gastropods collected
from Suruga Bay, pacific side of the Central Honshu, Japan,
with descriptions of 12 new species. National Science
Museum Monographs 12: 59-123.

Hasegawa, K., K. Fujikura, and T. Okutani. 1997. Gastropod
fauna associated with hydrothermal vents in the Mariana
Back-Arc Basin: Summary of the results of 1996 “Shinkai
6500” dives. JAMSTEC Journal of Deep-Sea Research
13: 69-83.

Okutani, T., K. Fujikura, and T. Sasaki. 1993. New taxa and
new distribution records of deep sea gastropods collected
from or near the chemosynthetic communities in the
Japanese waters. Bulletin of National Science Museum
series A: 123-143.

Okutani, T., E. Tsuchida, and K. Fujikura. 1992. Five bathyal
gastropods living within or near the Calyptogena-community
of the Hatsushima Islet, Sagami Bay. Venus 51: 137-148.

Sasaki, T., T. Okutani, and K. Fujikura. 2003. New taxa and
new records of patelliform gastropods associated with
chemoautosynthesis-based communities in Japanese waters.
The Veliger 46: 189-210.

Sasaki, T., T. Okutani, and K. Fujikura. 2005. Molluscs from
hydrothermal vents and cold seeps in Japan: A review of
taxa recorded in twenty recent years (1984-2004). Venus
64: 87-133.

Sasaki, T., T. Okutani, and K. Fujikura. 2008. A new species of
Pi/ropelta (Gastropoda: Pyropeltidae) from hydrothermal
vents in the Okinawa Trough, southwestern Japan. Journal
of Molluscan Studies 74: 309-316.

Waren, A. and P. Bouehet. 2001. Gastropoda and Monoplacophora
from hydrothermal vents and seeps; new taxa and records.
The Veliger 44: 116-231.

THE NAUTILUS 130(1 ):5-12, 2016

Page 5

Recognition of Biomphalaria species (Gastropoda: Planorbidae)
using the spiral growth variability, with description of a
new fossil species

Fernanda Cabrera
Sergio Martinez

Departamento de Evolution de Cuencas

Instituto de Ciencias Geologicas, Facultad de Ciencias

Universidad de la Republica

Igua 4225, CP 1 1400 Montevideo

URUGUAY

Walter Norbis

Departamento de Biologfa Animal,
Instituto de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias
Universidad de la Republica
Igua 4225, CP 1 1400 Montevideo
URUGUAY

ABSTRACT

The freshwater genus Biomphalaria Preston, 1910 is a well
studied genus of freshwater snails, due to its importance as an
intermediate host of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni
(Platyhelminthes). Soft parts are used to differentiate among
modern species of Biomphalaria, but these parts are not pres¬
ent in fossils. The aim of this paper is to show another approach
to discriminate among Biompahalaria species, by means of the
analysis of the logarithmic spiral of the shell. We compared
five species, two modern and well known ones, Biomphalaria
peregrina (d’Orbigny, 1835) and Biomphalaria tenagophila
(d'Orbigny, 1835), a fossil one, Biomphalaria icalteri (Parodiz,
1969), and two new fossil species. All fossils are from the
Queguay Formation (Late Cretaceous, Uruguay). The vari¬
ance of the spiral was analized using a Kruskal-Wallis test with
a posteriori Mann-Whitney pairwise comparisons. A morpho¬
logical analysis had to be done to determine whether the
specimens belong to different species. Our conclusions are
that the analysis of the variance of the spiral coefficient can
be used as a complementary character, but not as a primary
method of differentiation between species. A new species is
described as a result of the combined results of the statistical
analysis and the traditional morphological description.

Additional Keyivords: Late Cretaceous, logarithmic spiral,
freshwater fossils

INTRODUCTION

Species of tire freshwater gastropod Biomphalaria Preston,
1910 are distributed in the tropics mid subtropics of tire
Americas and Africa (Taylor, 1988). Several species have
medical importance because they are intermediate hosts of
tire human parasite Schistosoma mansoni (Platyhelminthes),
which affects more than 200 million people in the world
(WHO, 1985; Crompton et ah, 1999; Chitsulo et a’., 2000).

The shell in the genus is rather simple and not very
informative taxonomically. Shell morphology of the

genus, therefore, is used only as a secondary taxonomic
criterion. Taxonomy of the genus is based on the anatomy,
mainly the reproductive system (Paraense and Deslandes,
1959; Paraense, 1975, 1981, 1984, 1988; Luz et ah, 1998),
or even, and most recently, on molecular genetics, in par¬
ticular DNA (Vidigal et ah, 2000, 2004; Spatz et ah,
1999; Dejong et ah, 2001). A relatively recent review
of the systematic^ of the genus can be found in Jarne
et ah (2011).

Some authors did statistical analyses of some shell
dimensions (height, widtii), or number and shape of the
whorls, but this methodology gave only approximate
results (Jarne et ah, 2011). Identification of species based
only on the shell morphology is a common problem in
mollusks, in particular in gastropods, and non-traditional
morphometric solutions has been tried. For example,
to distinguish between species of Physa , Samadi et ah
(2000) studied shells and anatomical characters of some
populations. They estimated Raup’s (1966) parameters
and analysed the variance. Unfortunately, the land¬
marks required in this method cannot be obtained for
a planispiral shell, consequently the procedure is not
useful for Biomphalaria . Johnston et ah (1991) modeled
the spiral growth using geometric morphometries, but
they used shells of the marine genus Epitonium that has
a conispiral shell with axial varices along the shell, and
they could use the varix-suture intersections as land¬
marks. Determination of landmarks requires homologous
intersections of lines, necessarily constant and repeatable
in all specimens (Bookstein, 1991; Park et ah 2013). Due
to its simple, planispiral shell, Biomphalaria does not have
such intersections.

Therefore, neither Raup’s parameters nor geomet¬
ric morphometries analyses can be done in shells of
Biomphalaria . In this paper we tried a new approach for
distinguishing species with planispiral shell. The shape of
the spiral is a primary feature being used today to distin¬
guish a priori different species of Biomphalaria (Bonetto
et ah, 1982, Johnston et ah, 1991). In the present work,

Page 6

THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 130, No. 1

we quantify the spiral curve, in order to test its useful¬
ness in taxonomic differentiation among several fossil
and modern species.

Th ree fossil and two modern species were considered
(Figures 1-10). Fossil shells of Biomphalaria ivalteri
(Parodiz, 1969), and two fossil species assigned to
Biomphalaria , one of them described at the conclusion of
the paper as a new species, come from the limestones of
Queguay Formation (Late Cretaceous) in Uruguay. One
of the undetermined fossils was previously unknown (our
Biomphalaria sp. 1), and another erroneously allocated to
Scolodonta semperi Doering, 1874 by Morton and Herbst
(1993). This latter species is herein described as new. The
modem species used for the analysis were B. peregrina
(d’Orbigny, 1835) and B. tenagophila (d’Orbigny, 1835).
They currently inhabit Uruguay and surrounding regions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The three fossil specimens mentioned above, Biomphalaria
ivalteri (Figures 1, 2), Biomphalaria sp. 1 (Figures 3, 4),
and Biomphalaria reversa new species (Figures 5, 6)
were compared with two recent species, Biomphalaria
peregrina (Figures 7, 8) and Biomphalaria tenagojihila
(Figures 9, 10). The fossil specimens of Biomphalaria
ivalteri and part of the specimens of Biomphalaria sp. 1
belong to the paleontological collection of Facultad
de Ciencias (Montevideo, Uruguay) FCDP (4668, 6462,
6457, 6463, 6465); the rest of the specimens of
Biomphalaria sp. 1 (no collection number) and the speci¬
mens of Biomphalaria reversa new species (PZ-CTES
5345) belong to the Paleontological Collection of Uni-
versidad Nacional del Nordeste (Corrientes, Argentina).

Figures 1-10. Shells of Biomphalaria species. 1-2. Biomphalaria ivalteri (Parodiz, 1969); 3-4. Biomphalaria sp. 1. 5-6. Biomphalaria
reversa new species, holotype. 7-8. Biomphalaria peregrina (d’Orbigny, 1835). 9-10. Biomphalaria tenagophila (d'Orbigny,
1835). For all species, the first figure is in apical view, second figure umbilical view. Scale bar=5 mm.

F. Cabrera et al., 2016

Page?

The recent and Quaternary specimens of B. peregrina and
B. tenagophila are hosted in the collections of Museo
Nacional de Historia Natural (MNHN, Montevideo,
Uruguay, no collection number); Universidad Federal
de Santa Maria (Santa Maria, Brazil) (BR 100888, 101084,
101888, 100747); Paleontological Collection of Facultad
de Ciencias, (FCDP 2097), and in a private collection
(Gustavo Lecuona collection, GLC, without collection
number). In total, 143 specimens were used in this work:
30 of B. walteri ; 14 of Biomphalaria 1; 33 of Biomphalaria
reversa new species; 36 of B. tenagophila, and 34 of
B. peregrina.

The 143 specimens were photographed, digitized, and
the spirals highlighted. Rectangles corresponding to each
of the whorls of the spiral were plotted. Next, using
tlie program Image Tool v. 3.00 (Wilcox et al., 2002), we
measured height and width of the last three whorls of
each of the shells from outside in (Figure 11). We used
only the last three whorls because in most fossil specimens
the initial whorls were broken or had encrustations.

The value of the logarithmic spiral coefficient (0) was
calculated as: 0 ~ AB/AD , AB being the width of a whorl,
and AD the height; although this may not the exact value
of 0, it may be a good approximation. The values of 0, 0',
and 0" were obtained for each specimen, with AB/AD,
A'B'/A'D', and A"B"/A"D" being the rectangles of the
last three whorls (Figure 11). To obtain a unique value
of 0 per specimen the values were centered and stan¬
dardized. Next, absolute 0 values were converted to their
natural logarithm to make them more comparable.

The selection of parametric or nonparametric analy¬
sis of variance (ANOVA) for analyzing the values of 0
between species was determined via Shapiro-Wilk tests

Figure 11. Step by step process to obtain 0 values of the
logarithmic spiral of the planispiral shell. 0 can be approached
by the ecuation 0 ~ AB/AD. The 0 values of the three lasts
whorls were averaged to obtain an unique value of 0 for each
specimen. Species: Biomphalaria peregrina. Seale bar=5 mm.

(SW) for normality of data and by Levenes tests (LV) for
homogeneity of the variance. When deviations from nor¬
mality and homogeneity were detected, a non-parametric
Kruskal-Wallis test with a posteriori Mann-Whitney pair¬
wise comparisons (Bonferroni corrected) test were
applied (Sokal and Rohlf, 1998) to compare 0 values of
each species.

Then, height, width, and 0 of each specimen were ana¬
lyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (M ANOVA)
and Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) (Manly, 1994). The
CVA produces a scatter-plot along the first canonical axis,
showing the maximum separation between groups (multi¬
group discriminant analysis). The axes are a linear combi¬
nation of the original values, and the eigenvalues indicate
the variation of the axis and which variables contrib¬
ute the most to discriminate the groups. The discriminat¬
ing power of the variables was evaluated using Pillai
trace because this may be more robust than Wilks lambda
(Bencher, 2002). The relationship between width and
height was analyzed using a linear regression model (Sokal
and Rohlf, 1998), and the hypothesis of isometric growth
(b = 1) was assessed applying Student t-test. PAST
(v. 2.17c) (Hammer et al., 2001) was used for all statistical
analysis. For all tests, the significance level used was
p= 0.05.

RESULTS

The regression model (Figure 12) between width and
height was positive and significant (r = 0.99867, n=143,

Height

References

+ Biomphalaria walteri Biomphalaria peregrina

s Biomphalaria 1 X Biomphalaria tenagophila

O Biomphalaria reversa sp. nov

Figure 12. Regression model between width and height;
r=0. 99867, n=143, p<0.05, b= 1.0008, sb=0.0043523.

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THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 130, No. 1

B peregrine

B tenagophila

B. reversa
nov. sp

Blomphalarls 1

B. walferi

0 0,8 1.6 2.4 3,2 4 4.8 5.6 6.4

Theta

Figure 13. Box-plot of spiral coefficients (0 values) for each
species. The box represents 25 and 75 percent quartiles,
respectively. The median is shown with a horizontal line inside
the box. The minimal and maximal values are shown with short
horizontal lines (“whiskers”).

p < 0.05) and showed an isometric shell growth when
all species were considered (Figure 12) (b=1.0008,
0 00-13523 and p— 0.85528); an allometric effect is
therefore discarded.

A boxplot was performed to depict the basic statistical
values of 0 (Figure 13). The extant species Biompholaria
peregrina shows a greater dispersion than B. tenagophila,
and this last one is bound to a restricted area of the
graphic. Regarding the fossil species, B. walteri and
Biompholaria sp. 1 have almost the same dispersion, while

Biompholaria reversa new species is dispersed to the right
of the chart and only shares part of the minimal values
with the maximal values of B. walferi.

The 0 data were non-normal (SW=0.94; p=9.64e-06),
non-homogeneous among species (LV=9.8e-18; p=2.1e-38),
and varied significantly among the analyzed species
(Kruskall -Wallis, KW=98.52, p=2.034e-20). According to
the Mann-Whitney (MW) a posteriori test with Bonferronis
correction, the modern species B. tenagophila and
B. peregrina show differences between each other
(psame— 1.879E-07). There is a similarity between the
fossils B. walteri and Biompholaria sp. 1 (psame=G.Q53),
and significant differences between B. walteri and
Biompholaria reversa new species (psame=4.326E-10)
and between Biompholaria sp. 1 and B. reversa new
species (psame=8.234E-07). Biompholaria tenagophila
differs from all fossils as follows: B. walteri (psame=
1.265E-07), Biompholaria sp. 1 (psame=0.Q0349), and
B. reversa new species (psame=L008E-ll). However, the
fossils B. walteri and Biompholaria sp. 1 are both similar
to B. peregrina (psame=l with B. walteri, and psame=
0.5528 with Biompholaria sp. 1) (Table 1).

MANOVA Hotelling’s p values (Bonferroni corrected)
(Table 2) show significant differences between Biompholaria
tenagophila and B. peregrina (p=5.50382E-10); B. walteri
shows differences with the remainder of the study species
(p=0. 0491237 with Biompholaria sp. 1; p=2.35686E-16
with Biompholaria reversa new species; p=4.02082E-06
with B. tenagophila; and p=0.000277502 with B. peregrina);
Biompholaria 1 shows differences with the other fossils
but not with the extant species (p=2.69672E-12 with
Biompholaria reversa new species; p=0. 0522732 with
B. tenagophila, and p— 0.107649 with B. peregrina);
Biompholaria reversa new species shows differences
with all the species (p=l. 50006 E-24 with B. tenagophila
and p=3.53252E-13 with B. peregrina). CVA was signifi¬
cant (Filial trace— 0.S918; F=17.53, p<<0.05). The first
factor explains 89.55% of the total variability, and the

Table 1. Kruskal - Wallis test for 0 values H (Chi2) = 98.52; He (tie corrected) = 98.52; psame = 2.034E-20. Mann-Whitney
pairwise comparisons, Bonferroni corrected (below diagonal) \ uncorrected (above diagonal).

B. walteri

Biompholaria sp. 1

B. reversa new species

B. tenagophila

B. peregrina

B. walteri

0

0.0053

4.326E-11

I.265E-08

0.7183

Biompholaria 1

0.053

0

8. 234 E -08

0.000349

0.05528

B. reversa nov. sp.

4.326E-10

8.234E-07

0

1.008E-12

7.133E-09

B. tenagophila

1.265E-07

0.00349

1.008E-11

0

1.879E-08

B. peregrina

1

0.5528

7.133E-08

1.879E-07

0

Table 2. MANOVA/CVA pairwise comparisons for width, height and 0. Hotelling’s p values, uncorrected significance. It shows
significant differences between most specimens (p-values<<a 0.05).

B. walteri

Biompholaria sp. 1

B. reversa new species

B. peregrina

B. tenagophila

B. walteri

B. sp. 1

B. reversa new species

B. peregrina

B. tenagophila

0

0.0491237

2.35686E-16

4.02082E-06

0.000277502

0.0491237

0

2.69672E-12

0.0522732

0.107649

2.35686E-16

2.69672E-12

0

1.50006E-24

3.53252E-13

4.02082E-06

0.0522732

1.50006E-24

0

5.50382E-10

0.000277502

0.107649

3.53252E-13

5,50382E-10

0

F. Cabrera et al., 2016

Page 9

second the 6.2%. The variables that most contributed to
distinguish among species groups were: height in the first
factor and width in the second factor. CYA scatter-plot
shows a well-separated Biomphalaria reverse! new species
in the left of the graphic, and Biomphalaria sp. 1 and
B. tenagophila in the right. Biomphalaria walteri has a
wide distribution in the right zone, and B. peregrina is
distributed throughout the chart (Figure 14).

Analytical Discussion: The MW and MAN OVA anal¬
yses for Biomphalaria peregrina and B. tenagophila
show significant differences between the two species
(Tables 1, 2). The CVA scatter-plot shows B. peregrina
as having a wide distribution on the chart. This species
shows large intraspecific variability, also recognized at
tire molecular level (Caldeira et al., 2001; Carvalho
et al., 2001), and overlaps with tire other extant species,
B. tenagophila . Significant differences for 0 and for the
other morphological variables suggest that with a simple
shape as the logarithmic spiral of Biomphalaria, analyses
of specimens of distinct species can yield similar shell
shape results.

The statistical analysis of the extant species allows
us to compare the statistical behavior of the fossils.
Biomphalaria ivalteri and Biomphalaria sp. 1 do not
show statistical differences, the MANOVA p-value for
both is almost 0.05 (Table 2), and both show almost in
the same area of the scatter plot, so there are no reasons
to consider Biomphalaria sp. 1 as a different species from
B. walteri. Regarding B. reversa new species, tliis fos¬

sil species presents significant differences with both
B. walteri and Biomphalaria sp. 1. Moreover, in the scat¬
ter plot, the new fossil species presents a well-separated
distribution in respect to the other two fossil species.

When the two extant species are compared with the
fossils, 9 value for B. peregrina is similar to the values
for B. ivalteri and Biomphalaria sp. 1 and MANOVA
test also showed similitudes to Biomphalaria 1 with the
two extant species. Biomphalaria reversa new species
showed significant differences with the two modern spe¬
cies in both statistical analysis. In the CVA scatter-plot,
B. ivalteri and Biomphalaria 1 overlap with the two
extant species, and Biomphalaria reversa new species
overlaps with part of the distribution of B. peregrina.

The pairwise comparisons (MW) and the multivariate
analysis of the variance (MANOVA) show that the spiral
growths of B. ivalteri and Biomphalaria sp. 1 are almost
coincident, and both differ from that of Biomphalaria
reversa new species. When observing the results for dis¬
tribution of multigroup discriminant analysis for the three
fossils species in the CVA scatter plot, Biomphalaria
reversa new species is well separated from the other two,
and these overlap with each other. When the entire spe¬
cies set is observed in the CVA scatter plot, all of them can
be considered as B. peregrina, so the scatter-plot by itself
is not conclusive. We need to consider that B. peregrina is
a species that shows a well-known, broad intraspecific
variation, and as we used samples from Brazil and from
Uruguay, perhaps regional variation is the reason for its
wide distribution in the chart. Also, as mentioned before,

0 Biomphalaria peregrina
X Biomphalaria tenagophila

Figure 14. Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) scatter plot for height, width and 0 values for all the species.

Page 10

THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 130, No. 1

it is expected that a simple shape as it is a logarithmic
spiral could be repeated in the growth shape of differ¬
ent species.

To summarize, the statistical results show that the
three variables explain the growth of each group as a
whole. When it was expected that only 8 would explain
the variation, it turns out that the three variables
together explain it. Hence, 0 is a variable that is involved
in the relative shell growth of each species, and not a
variable that could explain the growth shape by itself. It
is for that reason that the statistical discrimination may
be complemented with qualitative moqvhologieal char¬
acteristics. This evidence leads to the formal description
of a new species the new species as follows.

SYSTEMATICS

Superfamilv Planorboidea
Family Planorbidae
Subfamily Planorbinae

Genus Biomphalaria Preston, 1910

Type Species: Biomphalaria smithi Preston, 1910 by
monotypy.

Biomphalaria reversa new species

(Figures 5, 6, 15-17)

Scolodonta semperi. — Morton and Herbst, 1993, p. 450,
pi. I, figs. 9-10) ( non Doering, 1874)

Diagnosis: Shell very small, sub-circular in apical
view, oblong in apertural view; dextral spire with four
whorls. In apical view, each whorl covers part of the
previous whorl. Two last whorls visible in abapical view.

Description: Shell very small, sub-circular in apical
view, planispiral, oblong in apertural view; dextral spire
with four convex whorls. In apical view, early whorls
closely stretched, being looser and wider in last portion
of spire; last whorl is larger than preceding ones, cover¬
ing partially previous whorl. In umbilical view, only last
two whorls visible. Umbilicus present.

Type Material: Holotype: FCDPI 7230 (Figures 5, 6,
15-17), width 6.81, height 5.79, from type locality;
Paratypes, three specimens, FCDPI 7830, segregated
as 7830a (Figures 18-20); 7830b (Figures 21-23); and
7830c (Figures 24-26); all from Piedras Coloradas,
Paysandu Department, Uruguay (Quegay Formation,
Late Cretaceous)

Type Locality: Palmar, Soriano, Paysandu Depart¬
ment, Uruguay (Quegay Formation, Late Cretaceous).

Other Material Examined: FCDPI 7254, 7267, 7271
(4 specimens) Trinidad, Flores Department; 7220, 7253,
7259 (107 specimens) Piedras Coloradas, Paysandu
Department; 7241, 7261, 7265, 7266, 7276, 7277 (78
specimens) Quebracho, Paysandu Department; 7038,

7039 (141 specimens) Nearby Algorta Town, Rio Negro
Department; 7829 (65 specimens) Palmar, Soriano
Department; PZ-CTES 5345 (53 specimens) Piedras
Coloradas, Paysandu Department (All Queguay Forma¬
tion, Late Cretaceous).

Geographic and Stratigraphic Ranges: Nearby
Algorta Town, Rio Negro Department; Trinidad, Flores;
Palmar, Soriano; Quebracho Town and proximities of
Piedras Coloradas Town, Paysandu Department, Uruguay
(All Queguay Formation, Late Cretaceous).

Etymology7: Latin reversa, reverse, in reference to the
dextral shell orientation, in opposition to the sinistral
orientation of the closest fossil species.

Comparative Remarks: The specimens allocated to
Scolodonta semperi by Morton and Herbst (1993) repre¬
sent Biomphalaria reversa new species. These speci¬
mens do not fit the description of Scolodonta semperi
nor of any Scolodonta for that matter (Doring, 1875;
Hausdorf, 2006). Species of Scolodonta have a diseoidal
shell with slowly increasing whorls and slightly raised
spire (together with soft parts characters that are obvi¬
ously only observable in recent species.) None of these
characteristics are present in the fossil specimens, their
characters closely resembling those of Biomphalaria
(see below).

Biomphalaria reversa new species has its spiral growth
very similar to B. walteri. However, it is clearly smaller
than B. walteri. Additionally, B. reversa new species is
dextral, and B. walteri is sinistral. Biomphalaria reversa
has less whorls than B. walteri as well. In apertural view,
B. reversa new species is more oblong and flattened than
B. walteri.

The recent species Biomphalaria peregrine is similar
to B. reversa new species in spiral growth and general
shell shape (Figures 15-32). Additionally, both are dex¬
tral. However, B. peregrine is larger than B. reversa new
species, and B. peregrine has more than six circular
whorls with well-defined sutures, while B. reversa has
four slightly convex whorls, with barely visible sutures.

Biomphalaria tenagophila is larger than Biomphalaria
reversa new species and has a sinistral spire with ele¬
vated and angled whorls, while B. reversa new species
has “softer” and rounded whorls. The spiral coefficients
showed significant differences between both species.

CONCLUSIONS

The analysis of the logarithmic spiral of the planispi¬
ral shells of the fossil and extant Biomphalaria species
in this study, combined with shell width and height,
describes the different spiral growth patterns in different
species. Also, the analysis is useful as a complementary
character for species identification, but not significant
enough to be used by itself. Therefore, to make decisions
about specimen identification, qualitative morphologi¬
cal characters had to be used. In fact, the quantitative

F. Cabrera et al., 2016

Page 11

Figures 15-32. Shells of Biomphalaria species. 15-26. Biomphalaria reversa new species, shells in apical, umbilical, and apertural
view. 15-17. Holotype (FCDPI 7230). 18-20. Paratype a (FCDP1 7830a). 21-23. Paratype b (FCDP1 7830b). 24-26. Paratype e
(FCDPI 7830c). 27-32. Biomphalaria walteri, sheUs in apical, umbilical, and apertural view. 27-29. Holotype, Carnegie Museum of
Natural History, Pittsburgh (CM 103839) (courtesy of Dr. Timothy Pearce). 30-32. FCDPI 6457. Scale bars: 1mm.

analysis and the traditional qualitative analysis com¬
plement each other in the definition of species in the
genus Biomphalaria.

A new species is described as a result of the combined
approaches of statistical analysis and traditional mor¬
phological description: Biomphalaria reversa new spe¬
cies, from the Queguay Formation (Late Cretaceous)
of Uruguay. This new species is added to the fresh¬
water assemblage of this lithostratigraphie unit, consti¬
tuting, with B. walteri, the oldest representatives of
Biomphalaria worldwide.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Claudio De Francesco (Universidad Nacional de Mar
del Plata, Argentina) provided the first clues to
recognize the undetermined fossils as a new species.
Veronica Espfndola (CECOAL, Corrientes, Argentina)
and Timothy Pierce (Carnegie Museum of Natural
History, Pittsburgh, USA) provided fossil samples for the
study. Carla Kotzian (Universidade de Santa Maria;
Santa Maria, Brazil), Fabrizio Searabino (Museo Nacio¬
nal de Historia Natural, MNHN, Montevideo, Uruguay),
and Gustavo Leeuona provided samples of recent species.
Mariano Verde collected most samples used in the study;

N. Batalla, A. Batista, F. Montenegro, and G. Roland
helped in field work. D. de Amilivia helped with
language. Financial support was given by the Agenda
Nacional de Investigation e Innovation (ANII) and
PEDECIBA, Uruguay. Special thanks to Dr. Anton
Oleinik and an anonymous reviewer for they comments
and suggestions that helped improve this paper.

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THE NAUTILUS 130(1):13-16, 2016

Page 13

Three new species of Neogene Tnincatella Risso, 1840
(Gastropoda: Truncatellidae) from Florida, USA

Gary W. Schinelz
5575 Dogwood Way
Naples, FL 34116
schmelz@embarqmail.com

Roger W. Portell

Florida Museum of Natural History

University of Florida

1659 Museum Road

Gainesville, FL 3261 1

portell@flmnh.ufl.edu

ABSTRACT

Three new species of truneatellid gastropods are described and
illustrated. Two species are from the lower Miocene Chipola
Formation of Calhoun County, Florida, and one is from upper
Pliocene to lower Pleistocene deposits of the upper? Pinecrest
beds, Tamiami Formation of Sarasota County, Florida. All
three new species are believed to have inhabited shallow water,
marine environments.

INTRODUCTION

Gastropods of the family Truncatellidae display the ability
to traverse vast distances of ocean to populate tropical and
warm temperate environments. This ability to inhabit
distant shorelines is accomplished by attaching them¬
selves or egg capsules to various pieces of flotsam and
riding ocean currents. Once established on a new shore¬
line, most truncatellids live at the high tide line, where
they reside under protective material such as seaweeds,
rocks, and boards. The distribution of truneatellid spe¬
cies within any particular region has been found to be
irregular and appears to be due to how groups of individ¬
uals are transported ashore by flotsam (Clench and
Turner, 1948). Life history information regarding amphib¬
ious forms shows that they lay their egg capsules on
supratidal detritus, are capable of digesting cellulose,
and possess the ability to estivate for several months
while away from water (Rosenberg, 1996). Populations
of truncatellids have colonized terrestrial habitats where
they survive under leaf litter at elevations as high as
600 meters (Rosenberg, 1996). Today, in Florida and
the Gulf Coast region of the USA, only three species are
known: Tnincatella caribaeemis Reeve, 1842, Tnincatella
clathms Lowe, 1832, and Tnincatella pulchella Pfeiffer,
1839. Herein, we describe three new species of Tnincatella
from the Neogene of Florida. Studies of the collect¬
ing sites (Yokes, 1989) where the new fossil species

were discovered indicate that they were shallow water,
marine environments.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Specimens of Tnincatella species from the lower
Miocene Chipola Formation were collected from two
localities in the Florida Museum of Natural History,
Invertebrate Paleontology Division (FLMNII IP) Direc¬
tory along the Chipola River in Calhoun County, Florida
(Figure 1). One specimen was removed from matrix at
FLMNH IP CA004, and two were collected from sub¬
merged deposits at FLMNH IP CA018. All sampled
sediments were in situ. Furthermore, from the latter site,
pieces of loosely consolidated fossiliferous sandstone were
removed from underwater ledges with the aid of SCUBA.
After removal, the material was brought to the FLMNH
IP laboratory for serial screen washing, air dried, and then
sediments were picked under stereomicroscope. From
FLMNH IP CA018, one specimen (UF 71914) came
from the lowest ledge near the bottom of the river, and
one specimen (UF 71913) was from the uppermost under¬
water ledge. The 18 Tamiami Formation (upper? Pinecrest
beds) specimens (UF 71915 -71917, UF 81225, and UF
261371) were all sieved from spoil (float) at FLMNH IP
locality SOOOl in Sarasota County, Florida. The material
is most likely from the upper Pinecrest beds of early
Pleistocene age. This assessment is based on a current,
highly detailed examination of the in situ lower Pinecrest
beds fauna which shows no presence of truncatellids
(Lee et ah, in preparation).

Specimens in Figures 2-7 were mounted to SEM
stubs, sputter coated with gold-palladium, and imaged
using a Hitachi field emission scanning electron micro¬
scope and later re-imaged using a Zeiss EVO MA 10
scanning electron microscope. In both instances, linear
dimensions were determined by the SEM’s hardware
and software, respectively. All SEM images were then
processed in Photoshop 6 for the plate layout. Fossil
specimens were compared to the three recent species

THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 130, No. 1

Page 14

Figure 1. Map showing collecting localities of the three new
Neogene species of Truncatella.

(listed above) borrowed from the FLMNH Invertebrate
Zoology Division.

SYSTEMATICS

Superfamily Rissooidea Gray, 1847
Family Truneatellidae Gray, 1840

Genus Truncatella Risso, 1826

Type Species: Truncatella laevigata Risso, subsequent
designation, Gude, 1921 (= Helix subcylindrica Linne,
1767: 1248).

Truncatella chipolana new species
(Figures 2-3)

Description: Shell minute, elongate-cylindrical with
4 moderate to highly convex whorls. Suture strongly
impressed, whorls of nearly equal size giving shell a
somewhat straight-sided appearance. Whorls with well-
developed, rounded, evenly spaced, opisthocline ribs
that extend to sutures (21 on body whorl of holotype
and 26 on body whorl of paratype). Shell imperforate,
aperture holostomatous and ovate, surrounding lip thick¬
ened, inner lip not adnate with parietal area.

Type Material: Holotype: UF 71914, maximum height
4.62 mm, from type locality; Paratype: UF 122257 from
FLMNH IP locality CA004, Chipola Formation, USA,
Florida, Calhoun County, east bank of Chipola River
(30.451388, -85.160166, datum WGS84).

Type Locality; FLMNH IP locality CA018, Chipola
Formation, USA, Florida, Calhoun County, west bank of
Chipola River (30.4535, -85.163722, datum WGS84).

Distribution: Truncatella chipolana is an extremely rare
species that has been collected from only two localities.
The holotype comes from very rich (in abundance and
diversity) deposits along the Chipola River that have
yielded the remains of both marine and terrestrial gas¬
tropods. At the Type section, the holotype was derived
from the lower bed.

Etymology: Named for the Chipola River, where the
specimens were excavated and collected.

Remarks: Truncatella chipolana is similar to T. pulchella.
Like T. chipolana , T. pulchella has an elongate form, pos¬
sesses about 20-26 opisthocline ribs on the body whorl,
and has an inner lip that is not attached to the parietal
area. However, the two differ in that the T. pulchella
has more tapering whorls (not as straight-sided), axial
ribs less opisthocline and ribs much sharper (although
degree of sharpness may be a function of abrasion on
the fossil specimens), a narrower peristome, and more
oval aperture.

Truncatella andymurrayi new species
(Figures 4-5)

Description: Shell minute, with 3 cylindrical, slightly
impressed body whorls. Sutures distinct, body whorls
variable in size. Narrow prosocline axial ribs extending
between the sutures on first whorl only. Remaining
whorls with ribs near sutures of each whorl (28 on the
body whorl of holotype). Shell imperforate, aperture
holostomatous and ovate, surrounding lip moderately
thickened, inner lip not adnate with parietal area.

Holotype: UF 71913, maximum height 3.12 mm.

Type Locality: FLMNH IP locality CA018, Chipola
Formation, USA, Florida, Calhoun County, west bank of
Chipola River (30.4535, -85.163722, datum WGS84).

Distribution; Truncatella andymurrayi is known only
from the holotype, which also comes from very rich (in
abundance and diversity) deposits along the Chipola
River. At the Type section, the holotype was derived
from the upper bed.

Etymology: Named for Mr. Andy Murray an avid col¬
lector of Chipola Formation mollusks.

Remarks: Overall body configuration of T. andymurrayi
is most similar to T. carihaeensis , a Truncatella species
incorrectly identified and illustrated as T. pulchella by
Clench and Turner (1948: 156-157, pi. 58, figs. 4-6) and
correctly identified as T. carihaeensis by De La Torre
(1960: 80) and Rosenberg (1989). Truncatella andymurrayi,
however, is a much smaller species than T. carihaeensis,
and its whorls are less bulbous. Although both the
smooth form of T. carihaeensis and T. andymurrayi

G.W. Schmelz and R.W. Ported, 2016

Page 15

Figures 2-7. New Florida Neogene Tnincatella species, in apertural and right lateral views. 2-3. Tnincatella chipolana new
species, Holotype (UF 71914). 4-5. Tnincatella andijmurraiji , new species, Holotype (UF 71913). 6-7. Tnincatella sarasotaensis,
new species, Holotype (UF 71917). Scale bar =1.0 mm.

possess ribs that do not extend across the whorls, it is
possible that some of the ribs are less pronounced on
T. andijmurraiji as a result of abrasion/erosion of the
shell, however the strongest sculpture is on the older
(apex) of the shell arguing against this supposition.

Truncatella sarasotaensis new species

(Figures 6-7)

Description: Shell minute, tapered body profile with
4 elongate-cylindrical convex whorls. Apical whorls miss¬
ing in holotype. Suture distinct, deeply impressed. All
specimens possess narrow, slightly opisthoeline axial ribs
(26 on body whorl of holotype) that typically extend

across whorls to sutures. Shell imperforate, parietal wall
thickened by inner lip, aperture holostomatous, ovate
and somewhat flaring.

Type Material: Holotype: UF 71917, maximum height
5.36 mm. Paratypes: UF 71915 (two specimens), UF
71916, maximum height 4.23 mm (one specimen), UF
81225, maximum height 4.36 mm (one specimen) and
UF 261371 (13 whole and fragmented specimens), all
from type locality.

Type Locality: FLMNH IP locality SOOOl (MacAsphalt
Shell Pit), Tamiami Formation (upper? Pinecrest beds),
USA, Florida, Sarasota County (27.366642, -82.451008,
datum WGS84).

Page 16

THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 130, No. 1

Distribution? Truncatella sarasotaensis was found by
sieving material collected in spoil piles between 1987
and 1990. Although it was not uncommon at FLMNH
IP locality SOOOl, this species has yet to be reported
from other, similarly aged, Florida locations.

Etymology: Named for the city of Sarasota where the
now water-filled quarry is located.

Remarks: Truncatella sarasotaensis is most similar to
T. pulchella. Like T. pulchella, T. sarasotaensis has angular
body whorls with numerous evenly spaced axial ribs.
However, unlike T. pulchella, T. sarasotaensis is a larger
species, has more bulbous whorls, and much less pro¬
nounced ribs, although the latter character may be, in
part, a function of abrasion on the fossil specimens.

DISCUSSION

Truncatella chipolana and T. andymurrayi represent
the oldest New World truncatellids found to date (circa
18 million years old). The California Pleistocene truncatellid
reported by Grant and Gale (1931) is currently the only
known fossil Truncatella from the USA. Truncatella
sarasotaensis is of comparable age to its California coun¬
terpart, and fossils found associated with it are mostly
intertidal species.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Andy and Daniel Murray for collection
assistance of Chipola Formation specimens and sediments.
Harry G. Lee (FLMNH volunteer), Ann Heatherington
(UF Department of Geological Sciences), Kurt Auffenberg
(formerly FLMNH), and Eric S. Lambers (UF Major
Analytical Instrumentation Center) kindly provided scan¬
ning electron micrographs of specimens. Sean Roberts
(FLMNH) produced figures, and B. Alex Kittle,
FLMNH, assisted with specimens from the FLMNH
IP Collections. John Slapeinsky (FLMNH) allowed access
to the FLMNH IZ Collections. The manuscript was
improved by reviews from Harry G. Lee, Gary Rosenberg
(Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University), and
John Slapeinsky. This is- University of Florida Contribu¬
tions to Paleobiology 693.

LITERATURE CITED

Clench, W.J. and R. D. Turner. 1948. The genus Truncatella in
the Western Atlantic. Johnsonia, 25: 149-164.

De La Torre, A. 1960. Caribbean species of Truncatella. The
Nautilus 73: 79-88.

Grant, U.S., IV and H.R. Gale. 1931. Catalogue of the marine
Pliocene and Pleistocene Mollusca of California and adja¬
cent regions with notes on their morphology, classification
and nomenclature and special treatment of the Peetmidae
and the Turridae (Including a few Miocene and Recent
species) together with a summary of the stratigraphic rela¬
tions of the formations involved. Memoirs of the San Diego
Society of Natural History 1: 1-1036.

Gray, J.E. 1840. Shells of molluscous animals. Synopsis of the
contents of the British Museum, edition 42: 105—152.

Gray, J.E. 1847. A list of genera of Recent Mollusca, their
synonyma and types. Proceedings of the Zoological Society
of London 15: 129-182.

Gude, G.K. 1921. Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and
Burma. Mollusca III- land operculates (Gyclophoridae,
Truncatellidae, Assimineidae, Helicinidae). 386 pp.

Linne, C. von. 1767. Systema Naturae, seu per regna tria naturae,
secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum charaeteribus,
differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus II Editio duodecima,
reformata. Laurentius Salvius, Holmia [Stockholm],
pp. 533-1327.

Lowe, A. 1832. On the genera Melampus, Pedipes and Truncatella:
With experiments tending to demonstrate the real nature
of respiratory organs in these Mollusca. Zoological Journal
5: 280-305, pi. 13.

Pfeiffer, L. 1839. Benefit iiber die Ergebnisse meiner Reise
nach Cuba im Winter 1838-1839. Arcliiv. fiir N aturgeschichte
von Wiegmann 5 part 1, pp. 346-358.

Reeve, L. 1842. Gonchologia systemica 2. Longman, Brown,
Green and Longmans, London, 337 pp., pis. 130-300.

Risso, 1826. Histoire naturelle des principales productions de
1’Europe meridionale et partieulierement de celles des
environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes 4: 124.

Rosenberg, G. 1989. Phylogeny and evolution of terrestrial-
ity of the Atlantic Truncatellidae (Prosobranchia,
Gastropoda, Mollusca). Ph.D, diss., Harvard Univer¬
sity, Cambridge.

Rosenberg, G. 1996. Independent evolution of terrestriality in
Atlantic truncatellid gastropods. Evolution 50: 682-693.

Yokes, E.H. 1989. An overview of the Chipola Formation,
northwestern Florida. Tulane Studies in Geology and
Paleontology 22: 13-24.

THE NAUTILUS 130(1): 17-22. 2016

Page 17

Zeitschrift fur Malakozoologie (1844-1853):

A history and collation

Alan R. Rabat’

Museum of Comparative Zoology
Harvard University
Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
alankabat@aol.com

Eugene V. Coan 1

Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History

2559 Puesta del Sol Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA

genecoan@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The Zeitschrift fur Malakozoologie, the first modern German
malaeological serial, appeared in 10 volumes and 120 issues
from 1844 through 1853, and contained the descriptions of
numerous new species of mollusks from around the world.
Due to the 1848 German Revolution, and other publication
delays, the dating of a number of issues has been problematic.
This paper provides a collation of the 120 issues and a determi¬
nation of the date of each issue, in accord with the International
Code of Zoological Nomenclatu re.

INTRODUCTION

Germany is home to the earliest malaeological journal —
several short-lived serials authored and published by
J. S. Schrbter from 1770 to 1789 (Bieler and Rabat, 1991:
39, 44). However, the first German malaeological journal
in a modem sense — with editors and contributions from
multiple authors — was the Zeitschrift fiir Malakozoologie,
founded in 1844 by Karl Theodor Menke (1791-1861),
who lived in Pyrmont (now Bad Pyrmont, Niedersachsen)
(Jungbluth et ah, 1991: 92-93). The first two volumes
were edited by Menke alone, and were printed in Hannover
by Hahnsche Hofbuehhandlung. Menke (1844: 1-11)
began the first issue of this serial with a lengthy essay
that surveyed the malaeological literature to date, and
closed with the hope that his ambitions for this new
journal and its readers would be satisfied.

Louis Pfeiffer (1804— 1877), of Cassel, became a co-editor
commencing with volume 3 for 1846, and the journal was
printed by Theodor Fischer, a publishing house in Cassel
known for a number of other malaeological publications,
as well as other natural history and geological titles.

In 1853, the Zeitschrift was replaced by the
Malakozoologische Blatter, which was published in two

1 Research Associate

series from 1853 through 1891 (Bieler and Rabat, 1991:
44; Biirk and jungbluth, 1985: 339-340). According to
the editors, the Malakozoologische Blatter was intended
to allow for a broader scope of submissions and more
frequent illustrations (Menke, et ah, 1853: [vi]— [viii] ).

In 1854, the second volume of the Zeitschrift , which
had been out-of-print for some years, was reprinted by
the original publisher (Menke, 1854: 48). In 1969, the
Zeitschrift and the Malakozoologische Blatter were
reprinted in their entirety7 by Otto Roeltz (Koenigstein-
Taunus). Sometime after 2005, the Zeitschrift was digi¬
tized by the Biodiversity Heritage Library (the set in
the Smithsonian Institution), HatliiTrust (the set in the
University of Michigan) and Google Books (the set in the
University of Illinois).

In the 1840s, Cassel (known as Kassel since 1926), then
the capital of northern Hesse, was an important malaco-
logical research center, as a number of malaeologists
lived there or nearby (Jungbluth, 2011), including Louis
Pfeiffer, Rudolph Amandus Philippi (1808-1904),
Wilhelm Dunker (1809-1885), Friedrich Carl Ludwig
Koch (1799-1852), as well as Israel Heyman Jonas
(1795-1851, from Hamburg), all of whom contributed
to the Zeitschrift. During its ten years, the journal
published the descriptions of somewhere around
1,000 new species, of which at least half were described
by Philippi alone.

Each volume contained 12 issues, originally intended
to appear on a monthly basis. Except for volume 2, each
issue comprised a fascicle of 16 pages, so that the entire
volume consisted of 192 pages, with an additional 4 to
9 pages (with Roman-numbered pages) issued after the
end of the volume and comprising the table of contents
and index. Volume 2 consisted of 198 pages, with issue 2(7)
having 18 pages and issue 2(12) having 20 pages.

The individual issues were not originally distributed
with wrappers, so that the first page of each issue had
both a header with the journal title and the names of the
editor(s), and the text of the first article. One set that we
have examined in a private library does have wrappers on
thicker, cardstock paper for each volume, with the journal
name and volume number printed in large type. However,

Page 18

THE NAUTILUS, VoL 130, No. 1

those wrappers were made using the back side of adver¬
tising circulars bearing an “1879” date, nearly three
decades later.

In several articles, some or all of the footnotes are by
the editor (Menke or Pfeiffer), not by the author of the
article. The editors sometimes used their footnotes to
criticize the conclusions reached by the author of the
article, or otherwise to comment on the article. For
example, in 3(1): 12, an article by Jonas on Proserpina
has two footnotes, the first by Jonas and the second by
Pfeiffer. Issue 2(1), pages 1-14, had a lengthy article
(in French) by Gerard P. Deshayes, written in response
to a critique by Menke of the Deshayes edition of the
Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres that
Menke published in volume 1 of the Z eitschrift. In the
Deshayes article, Menke then added 26 footnotes of his
own in order to rebut the points made by Deshayes.

Only two plates were issued with this journal, in issue
7(1) (April 1850) (reproductive “darts” of Helix, for an
article by A. Schmidt); and issue 9(12) (December 1852)
(illustrations for several articles by Pfeiffer, mostly ter¬
restrial gastropods from Cuba). Burk and jungbluth
(1985: 338) stated that volume 10 also had “1 Bildnis”
(portrait) of Louis Pfeiffer, but we. have not seen any
such portrait of Pfeiffer in any of the four sets of
this work that we have examined; the sets in the
Naturmuseum Senckenberg (Frankfurt) and the Field
Museum of Natural History (Chicago) also do not have
such an illustration (R. Janssen, in lift. 10 Aug. 2015;
R. Bieler, in lift. 17 Aug. 2015).

The dating of this journal has created some problems
in the literature, and we attempt to rectify this confusion
as best as is now possible, as set forth in the table and
summarized below:

1. Originally, each issue had two dates - the “month and
year” on the first page, and the exact month, day, and
year on the last page, as used in 1(1) through 1(7).

2. Starting with 1(8) (August 1844) through 2(2) (February
1845), the date on the last page became a more generic
“Ende” or “Mitte” of a given month.

3. For 2(3) through 2(12), the date on the last page
was just a given month and year, with no specific
day indicated.

4. For 3(1) (1846) through 5(6) (“1848”), no end date
was given, so that tire only date is the month/year
stated on the first page. As noted In the table below,
internal evidence allowed us to date several of these
issues more precisely.

5. For 5(7) (“1848”) through 10(12) (1853), the first
page only provided the year and the issue number;
12 of the issues had no end date, while the last page in
all but 12 of the issues gave at least the month and
year, with 8 issues giving the month, day and year.

Based on internal evidence, i.e., advertisements for
books that were published on a specific date, or the date
of submission of several manuscripts or letters to the
editor, and interpolation with dated issues, we were able

to estimate dates for the 12 issues without any date other
than the stated year.

Critically, volumes 5 (for 1848) through 8 (for 1851)
were published at and after the time of the March 1848
Revolution in Germany, which resulted in significant
turmoil over the next three years (and led to R.A.
Philippi escaping from Germany to Chile in 1851). This
Revolution and its aftermath must have significantly
disrupted the printing of this and other scientific
journals. As set forth in the table, several issues in those
volumes were stated on the last page to have been pub¬
lished in the year after the year printed on the first page
of those issues. Further, issues 6, 7, and 8 of Volume 5
(nominally issued for 1848) had advertisements for a
publication available in January 1849, suggesting a pub¬
lishing date in early 1849. Issue 5(7) had an editorial
note on page 112 by Pfeiffer which cryptically referred
to the Revolution: “Die durch bekannte Hemmnisse im
Jahre 1848 verzdgerte Ausgabe der einzelnen Blatter der
Zeitschrift wird nunmehr moglichst schnell nachgeholt
werden.” [The publication of issues delayed due to known
hindrances in 1848 will now be resumed as quickly
as possible].

Similarly, several issues in volume 6 (nominally issued
for 1849) had articles submitted in January 1850, and the
last three issues of volume 6 were expressly dated in
early 1850.

Volume 7 (“1850”) had only the first seven issues
appearing in 1850.

Volume 8 (“1851”) had at least one issue appearing
in 1852.

Volumes 9 and 10 (for 1852 and 1853, respectively,
after the Revolution was over and the federal authorities
were fully in control of Germany), were back on schedule,
with each volume being completed within the stated year.
Even then, the issues did not appear on an exact monthly
schedule, with multiple issues appearing in the same
month (e.g., three issues were published in July 1852 and
another three issues published in November 1853).

Pursuant to ICZN Code Article 21, we have set forth
dates that we recommend be used for each issue of this
journal — either the exact day, month, and year (17 issues),
or the last day of the month for issues with the month
known or determined but without a known day of publi¬
cation (98 issues), or the last day of the year for issues
without a known or determined month (5 issues). For two
of the issues, 8(3) (indicated as “July 1851”) and 9(5)
(indicated as “June 1852”), since the following issues came
out in the same months, i.e., 8(4) (15 July 1851) and 9(6)
(12 June 1852), we used the latter dates for the former
issues. Of the 120 issues, 18 (in volumes 5, 6, 7, and 8) are
known or determined to have been published in the year
after the nominal year for the volume.

In the following table, the right-hand column has the
actual or determined date of publication. Entries without
an asterisk are actual dates; entries with a single asterisk
(*) are the last day of the month (ICZN Code Article
21.3.1); entries with a double asterisk (**) are the last day
of the calendar year (ICZN Code Article 21.3.2).

A.R. Kabat and E.V. Coan, 2016

Page 19

Volume / Issue

For month of

Pages

Date on last page of issue

Date of Publication (ICZN)

1 -

1

1844

January

i-viii

1-16

Title page dated 1845
January 15, 1844

15 January 1844

2

February

17-32

February 16, 1844

16 February 1844

3

Marcli

33-48

March 16, 1844

16 March 1844

4

April

49-64

April 10, 1844

10 April 1844

5

May

65-80

May 25, 1844

25 May 1844

6

June

81-96

June 25, 1844

25 June 1844

7

July

97-112

July 30, 1844

30 July 1844

8

August

113-128

“Ende August”

31 August 1844*

9

September

129-144

“Ende September”

30 September 1844*

10

October

145-160

“Ende October”

31 October 1844*

11

November

161-176

“Ende November”

30 November 1844* (page 176 has a note from

12

December

177-192

“Mitte December”

Jonas, dated 19 November 1844).

31 December 1844*

2-

1

1845

January

i-viii

1-16

Title page dated 1 846
“Mitte January”

31 January 1845*

2

February

17-32

“Ende February”

28 February 1845*

3

March

33-48

April

30 April 1845*

4

April

49-64

June

30 June 1845*

5

May

65-80

“April” [sic]

30 June 1845* (page 67 has an article

6

June

81-96

Ju]y

by Jonas submitted in May 1845).

31 July 1845* (page 91 has an article

7

July

97-114

August

submitted in April 1845; page 95
has an article submitted 22 June 1845).

31 August 1845*

8

August

115-130

October

31 October 1845*

9

September

131-146

November

30 November 1845*

10

October

147-162

November

30 November 1845*

11

November

163-178

December

31 December 1845*

12

December

179-198

December

31 December 1845*

3-

1

1846

January

i-viii

1-16

Title page dated 1 846

No end date

31 January 1846*

2

February

17-32

No end date

28 February 1846* (page 18 has an article

3

March

33-48

No end date

submitted December 1845).

31 March 1846*

4

April

49-64

No end date

30 April 1846*

5

May

65-80

No end date

31 May 1846* (page 73 has an article

6

June

81-96

No end date

submitted on 11 April 1846).

30 June 1846*

7

July

97-1 12

No end date

31 July 1846* (page 1 12 has an obituary

8

August

113-128

No end date

submitted on 22 April 1846).

31 August 1846*

9

September

129-144

No end date

30 September 1846*

10

October

145-160

No end date

31 October 1846*

11

November

161-176

No end date

30 November 1846* (page 174 has an

12

December

177-192

No end date

article submitted on 22 October 1847).

31 December 1846*

4-

1

1847

January

i-vii

1-16

Title page dated 1847

No end date

31 January 1847*

2

February

17-32

No end date

28 February 1847*

3

March

33-48

No end date

31 March 1847*

4

April

49-64

No end date

30 April 1847*

5

May

65-80

No end date

31 May 1847*

6

June

81-96

No end date

30 June 1847*

7

July

97-112

No end date

31 July 1847*

8

August

113-128

No end date

31 August 1847*

9

September

129-144

No end date

30 September 1847*

( Continued )

Page 20

THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 130, No. 1

Volume / Issue

For month of

Pages

Date on last page of issue

Date of Publication (ICZN)

10

October

145-160

No end date

31 October 1847*

11

November

161-176

No end date

30 November 1847*

12

December

177-192

No end date

31 December 1847*

5-1848

1

January

i-vii

1-16

Title page dated 1849

No end date

31 January 1848* (?)

2

February

17-32

No end date

29 February 1848* (?)

3

March

33-48

No end date

31 March 1848* (?)

4

April

49-64

No end date

30 April 1848* (?)

5

May

65-80

No end date

31 May 1848* (?)

6

June

81-96

No end date

31 January 1849* (page 96 has an

advertisement dated "10. Januar 1849”
for Philippi’s Abbildungen und
Beschreibungen, 3(4)).

7

97-112

No end date

31 January 1849* (page 112 has an

advertisement dated “30. Januar 1849”
for die 10th Lieferung of Herrinannsen,
Indicis Genenim Malacozoonim Prinwrdia.).

8

113-128

No end date

31 March 1849* (page 123 notes that Philippi’s
article is “Continuato Febr. 1849”, i.e.,
continued from 5(7): 1 12 (previous entry);
page 128 has an advertisement dated
“10. Marz 1849” for volume 2 of Hermannsen
Indicis Genenim Malacozoonim Prinwrdia.

9

129-144

March 1849

31 March 1849*

10

145-160

March 1849

31 March 1849*

11

161-176

March 1849

31 March 1849*

12

177-192

April 1849

30 April 1849*

6-1849

i-vii

Title page dated 1850

1

1-16

March [.sic. May] 1849

31 May 1849*, since the previous issue, 5(12),
is dated “April 1849.”

2

17-32

May 1849

31 May 1849*

3

33-48

July 1849

31 July 1849* (page 48 has an advertisement

dated Juli 1849 for Lieferungen 80-81
of the Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet ).

4

49-64

No end date

31

August 1849* (page 53 has an article by

A. Schmidt submitted July 1849).

5

65-80

November 1849

30

November 1849* (page 80 has an article
by E. A. Rossmassler submitted

October 1849).

6

81-96

No end date

30

November 1849* (page 96 has an advertisement
dated November 1849 for Lieferungen 82-86
of the Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet).

7

97-112

No end date

31

December 1849**

8

113-128

No end date

31

January 1850* (page 120, has an article
by Lovell Reeve submitted January 5, 1850).

9

129-144

No end date

28

February 1850* (page 144 has an article
by A. Schmidt submitted January 1850).

10

145-160

March 1850

31

March 1850*

11

161-176

March 1850

31

March 1850*

12

7-1850

177-192

i-vii

April 1850

Title page dated 1851

30

April 1850*

1

1-16, 1 pi.

April 1850

30

April 1850* (page 13, article by A. Schmidt
submitted in January 1850).

2

17-32

April 1850

30

April 1850*

3

33-48

May 1850

31

May 1850* (page 148 has an advertisement
for Philippi’s Abbildungen und Beschreibungen,
3(7), which has a print date of April 1850).

( Continued )

A.R. Kabat and E.V. Coan, 2016

Page 21

Volume / Issue

For month of Pages

Date on last page of issue

Date of Publication (ICZN)

4

49-64

June 1850

30 June 1850*

5

65-80

July 1850

31 July 1850*

6

81-96

August 1850

31 August 1850*

7

97-112

November 2, 1850

2 November 1850

8

113-128

February 1851

28 February 1851* (page 120 has an article
submitted by A. Schmidt in December 1850).

9

129-144

February 1851

28 February 1851* (page 144 has a “Nachruf”
noting Philippi’s unexpected departure,
i.e., his escape to Chile).

10

145-160

March 1851

31 March 1851*

11

161-176

April 1851

30 April 1851*

12

177-192

April 1851

30 April 1851*

8-

1851

i — [vii]

Title page dated 1852

1

1-16

May 1851

31 May 1851*

2

17-32

June 1851

30 June 1851*

3

33-48

July 1851

15 July 1851 (based on known date of next issue)

4

49-64

July 15, 1851

15 July 1851

5

65-80

July 1851

31 July 1851*

6

81-96

August 1851

31 August 1851*

7

97-112

September 1851

30 September 1851*

8

113-128

No end date

31 December 1851**

9

129-144

No end date

31 December 1851**

10

145-160

No end date

31 December 1851**

11

161-176

No end date

31 December 1851**

12

177-192

January 15, 1852

15 January 1852 (page 184 has an article by

A. Schmidt submitted in November 1851).

9 -

1852

i-vi

Title page dated 1853

1

1-16

February 15, 1852

15 February 1852

2

17-32

March 25, 1852

25 March 1852

3

33-48

March 26, 1852

26 March 1852

4

49-64

May 12, 1852

12 May 1852

5

65-80

June 1852

12 June 1852 (based on known date of next issue).

6

81-96

June 12, 1852

12 June 1852

7

97-112

July 1852

31 July 1852*

8

113-128

July 1852

31 July 1852*

9

129-144

July 1852

31 July 1852*

10

145-160

September 1852

30 September 1852*

11

161-176

October 1852

31 October 1852*

12

177-192, 1 pi.

December 1852

31 December 1852*

10

- 1853

i-vi + [vii-viii]

Title page dated 1853

“Prospectus” on page [viii], for the
Malakozoologisches Blatter dated

December 1853

1

1-16

January 1853

31 January 1853*

2

17-32

January 1853

31 January 1853*

3

33-48

February 1853

28 February 1853*

4

49-64

March 1853

31 March 1853*

5

65-80

July 1853

31 July 1853*

6

81-96

July 1853

31 July 1853*

7

97-112

August 1853

31 August 1853*

8

113-128

August 1853

31 August 1853*

9

129-144

November 1853

30 November 1853*

10

145-160

November 1853

30 November 1853*

11

161-176

November 1853

30 November 1853* (page 176 has an article

by A. Schmidt submitted on 8 November 1853).

12

177-192

December 1853

31 December 1853* (page 189 has an article

by L. Pfeiffer submitted on 12 December 1853).

Page 22

THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 130, No. 1

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Rudiger Bieler (Field Museum of Natural
History) and Jurgen H. Jungbluth (Projektgruppe
Molluskenkartierung-D, Heidelberg-Schlierbach) for
their helpful comments, and Ronald Janssen (Natur-
museum Senckenberg) for checking these dates against
the set in his institution. Robert Cowie (University of
Hawaii) and Dai Herbert (Natal Museum) alerted us to
problems with the dating of this journal, which made us
realize the need to resolve the dates of publication. We
also appreciated the helpful comments of reviewers
Alan J. Kohn and Joehen Gerber.

LITERATURE CITED

Bieler, R. and A.R. Kabat. 1991. Malacological journals and
newsletters, 1773-1990. The Nautilus 105: 39-61.

Burk, R. and J.H. Jungbluth. 1985. 140 Jahre Molluskenkunde
im deutsehsprachigen Raum 1844-1984. Ungarisehes
Naturwissensehaftliches Museum, Budapest, 348 pp.

Jungbluth, J.H. 2011. Naturforschung in Cassel: Ein frillies
Zentrum der Wissenschaft von den Weichtieren
(Conchyliologie) im 19. Jahrhundert. Pp. 46-49, in
L. Nitsche and S. Nitsche (eds.), Naturkunde und
naturwissenschaftliche Forschung in Nordliessen; 175
Jahre Nordhessische Gesellschaft fur Naturkunde und
Naturwissenschaften; 125 Jahre Naturkundemuseum
im Ottoneum in Kassel, Jubilaumsband. Cognito
Kommunikation & Planting Verlag, Niedenstein, 224 pp.

Jungbluth, J.H., D. Vogt, and P. Hey. 1991. Bibliographie der
Arbeiten iiber die Binnenmollusken in Niedersachsen
und Bremen mit Artenindex und biographischen
Notizen; Malakozoologische Landesbibliographien. V.
Berichte der naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Hannover
133: 37-98.

Menke, K.T. 1844. Standpunet und Bediirfniss der malakozoo-
logisehen Literatur; als pragmatische Einleitung. Zeitschrift
fiir Malakozoologie 1(1): 1-11.

Menke, K.T. 1854. Literarische Anzeige. Malakozoologische
Blatter 1(3): 48.

Menke, K.T., L. Pfeiffer, and T. Fischer. 1853. Prospectus.
Zeitschrift fiir Malakozoologie 10: [viij— [viii].

THE NAUTILUS 130(l):23-25, 2016

Page 23

Identification and redescription of the Haitian
Chondropoma semilabre of Barts eh, 1946,
non Lamarck, 1822 (Gastropoda: Annulariidae)

G. Thomas Watters

Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology

Ohio State University

1315 Kinnear Road

Columbus, OH 43212 USA

watters.l@osu.edu

ABSTRACT

Chondropoma bellavittatum new species is described for the
Haitian species referred to by Bartsch, 1946, as Chondropoma
semilabre Lamarck, 1822. This latter species is shown to be a
different taxon from the Bahamas.

INTRODUCTION

Lamarck (1822) briefly described Cyclostoma sjemilabris
from an unknown locality, thus launching a convoluted
nomenclatorial history for the species involving mis-
identifieations from numerous authors. Eventually,
Pfeiffer (1862) noted the species’ great similarity to
Chondropoma hjalmarsoni Pfeiffer, 1858, from Turks
Island, Bahamas [Turks and Caicos Islands], but identi¬
fied it as a related but distinct species from Crooked
Island, Bahamas. Pfeiffer does not mention seeing
Lamarck’s specimen. Weinland (1880) followed Pfeiffer
in considering Lamarck’s species as originating from
Crooked Island.

Bartsch (1946), in his lengthy discussion of C. semilabre,
does not mention having seen the type specimen but
maintained that it was a Haitian taxon matching specimens
at the United States National Museum (now National
Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution)
from Saint-Marc and Arcahaie. He considered the
Crooked Island species to be Chondropoma glabratum
Reeve, 1863, described from “Bahamas." Reeve attrib¬
uted the species to Weinland, who however did not
describe it.

Mermod’s (1952: fig. 109) photograph of the type
of Cyclostoma semilahris, now at Museum d’Histoire
Naturelle de Geneve (unnumbered), confirmed Pfeiffers
assessment that it is eonchologieally similar to C.
hjalmarsoni; in fact, it seems identical to Chondropoma

hjalmarsoni salinum Bartsch, 1946, which is not from
Crooked Island but from Salt Cay in the Turks and Caicos
Islands group. The type is also similar to Chondropoma
glabratum Reeve, 1863. Although Bartsch identified
Reeve’s species as the Crooked Island taxon, it is actually
more similar to the Salt Cay species, and may be a junior
synonym of C. semilabris. This problem remains to be
resolved. Either way, neither the Crooked Island nor
the Salt Cay species is the Haitian taxon identified as
C. semilabre by Bartsch, which leaves Barstch’s species
without a valid name. This new species is described below.

SYSTEMATICS

Family Annulariidae Henderson and Bartsch, 1920

Genus Chondropoma Pfeiffer, 1847

Type Species: Cyclostoma sagra d’Orbigny, 1842, by
subsequent designation of Petit de la Saussaye, 1850.

Chondropoma bellavittatum new species

(Figures 1-7)

Description: Shell thin but solid, opaque, obese. Max¬
imum adult size: 17.6 mm maximum length, including
peristome, decollate. Minimum adult size: 12.9 mm
maximum length, including peristome, decollate. Shell
usually decollated even at juvenile stage. Protoconch
of 1.5 minute, smooth, rounded whorls, pale tan,
demarcation between protoconch and teleoconch not
well-defined. Teleoconch of 4.75 whorls. Primary axial
sculpture on final whorl very fine and close-set,
but irregular and nearly obsolete except for widely
spaced growth stoppage marks. Axial sculpture on earlier
teleoconch whorls of very fine, closely spaced, numerous
threads (ca. 80/whorl). Spiral sculpture on final whorl
(including umbilicus) of ca. 30-35 very fine, very widely
spaced, raised threads. Intersections of axial and spiral
sculpture forming microscopic raised beads. Suture

Page 24

THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 130, No. 1

Figures 1-7. Chondropoma bellavittatum new species. 1-2. Holotype, UF 33135, 12.9 mm length. 3. Paratype 1, UF 33135,
15.4 mm length. 4. Paratype 2, UF 33135, 18.5 mm length. 5. Paratype 3, UF 33135, 14.2 mm length. 6. UF 33104, 5 km WNW of
Anse-Rouge, Department Artibonite, 12.6 mm length. 7. Distribution of Chondropoma bellavittatum new species. Map Google™
Earth Pro. Image Landsat. ©2105 Google. Data: SIO, NOAA, US Navy, NGA, GEBCO.

strongly indented, almost channeled. Suture smooth to
minutely serrate; no sutural tufts present. Aperture tear¬
drop-shaped, lip double. Complete inner lip fused to outer
lip, not well-defined. Outer lip expanded, except much
narrower facing umbilicus, widest anteriorly, lamellar on
umbilical or medial side, smooth on the lateral side, pro¬
duced into small, wide auricle at posterior border. Outer
lip narrowly attached to previous whorl. Umbilicus minute
and compressed. Base color grey to white. Patterned
with ca. 12 narrow, interrupted, dark brown spiral bands,
which cease at growth stoppage marks; length of brown
coloration on bands varying from band to band between
long streaks and short dashes. Specimens rarely lacking
bands. Aperture and lips white, brown bands often con¬
tinuous across both faces of outer lip but only apparent
on lateral side. Operculum paucispiral with fine, granu¬
lar, calcareous deposit. Radula and anatomy unknown.

Type Material; Holotype, Florida Museum of Natural
History (UF) 33135, 12.9 mm length. Paratype 1,

UF 33135, 15.4 mm length. Paratype 2, UF 33135,
16.5 mm length. Paratype 3, UF 33135, 14.2 mm length.
Paratype 4 UF 33135, 17.5 mm length.

Type Locality; 1 km E of Baie-de-Henne, Department
Nord Quest, Haiti, ca. 19.6611° N, -73.2041° W.

Other Material Examined; Haiti: UF 33135 (60 spec¬
imens), 1 km E of Baie-de-Henne, Department Nord
Quest; UF 33104 (88 specimens), 5 km WNW of Anse-
Rouge, Department Artibonite; UF 33099 (85 specimens),
60 in, 1 km W of Petit Paradis, Department Artibonite;
UF 31992 (49 specimens), 100 m, 3 kin SE of Montrois,
Department Nord Quest [not found]; UF 32651 (3 spec¬
imens), W side of Etang Bois Neuf, 14 km S of Saint-
Marc, Department Artibonite; UF 32722 (38 specimens),
10 km ESE of Saini-Marc, Department Artibonite.

Distribution; Specimens described here are from the
region of Baie-de-Henne, Anse-Rouge, and Saint-Marc.

G.T. Watters, 2016

Page 25

Bartseh (1946) also listed the area of Areahaie. Based on
museum records, this species ranges along the coastal
western slopes of the Massif du Nord Quest and the
Chalne des Matheux on nearly the entire western side
of the northern peninsula (Figure 7). This is a fairly wide
range for the otherwise narrowly endemic annulariids
seen in Hispaniola.

Habitat: Specimens were locally common on limestone
ridges in xerie areas with cacti.

Variation in Specimens: The northern populations dif¬
fer from those in the south in having more obsolete sculp¬
ture on the final whorl and having the spiral brown bands
continue onto both faces of the outer lip; the outer lip is
white in the southern specimens. The two populations are
separated by a wide river valley, the Maine de 1’Artibonite,
and they may be found to constitute two subspecies when
soft tissue for phylogenetic material becomes available.

Comparison with Other Species: The color pattern
and overall shell shape are seen in several superficially
similar Hispaniolan species, particularly with members
of Sallepoma Bartseh, 1946. Those species differ in the
strong axial sculpture and near lack of spiral sculpture,
and in having a pseudolamellate operculum composed
of a heavily calcified, raised plate parallel to the cartilag¬
inous base.

Remarks: Of the 323 specimens, both adult and juve¬
nile, only a single individual (an adult) retained a
protoconch (Figure 6). Decollation apparently happens
before the adult stage is reached. Numerous specimens
exhibited a small circular bore hole in the final whorl,
presumably made by the predaceous larvae of lampyrid
or elaterid (Drilini) beetles.

Etymology: Latin bellus, beautiful + L. vittatus,
decorated with a ribbon. The genus-name root -poma
is neuter.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author thanks Gustav Paulay, John Slapcinsky,
Amanda Bemis, and Fred Thompson (UF) for access to
their invaluable collection and an anonymous reviewer.

LITERATURE CITED

Bartseh, P. 1946. The opereulate land mollusks of the family
Annulariidae of the island of Hispaniola and the Bahama
Archipelago. Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum 192:
264 pp., 38 pis.

Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M. de. 1822. Histoire naturelle des
animaux sans vertebres, presentant les caracteres generaux
et partieuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs clas¬
ses, leurs families, leurs genres, et la citation des principles
especes qui s’y rapportent; precedee d une introduction
offrant la determination des caracteres essentiels de
fanimal, sa distinction du vegetal et des autres corps
naturels; enfrn, l’exposition des principes fondamentaux
de la zoologie. Tome sixieme. Deuxieme partie. Chez
1’auteur, an jardin du Roi, 232 pp.

Mennod, G. 1952. Les types de la collection Lamarck an
Museum de Geneve. Mollusques vivants, III. Revue Suisse
de Zoologie 59(2): 24-97.

Pfeiffer, L. 1862. Bemerkungen zu den beschribenen Arten.

Malakozoologische Blatter 9: 91-97.

Reeve, L.A. 1863. Monograph of the genus ChoncLropoma.
Conchologica Iconica 14. Reeve & Co., London [pis. 1-8 +
text, Jan. 1863; pis. 9-11 + text, Feb. 1863],

Weinland, D.F. 1880. Zur Molluskenfauna von Haiti. Jahrbiicher
der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft nebst
Naehrichtsblatt 7(4): 338-378, pi. 12.

THE NAUTILUS 130(1):26, 2016

Page 26

Notice

THE 2016 R. TUCKER ABBOTT VISITING CURATORSHIP

The Bailey-Matthews National Shell Museum is pleased to invite applications for the 2016 R. Tucker Abbott Visiting
Curatorship.

The Curatorship, established originally in accordance with the wishes of the late Dr. R. Tucker Abbott, Founding
Director of the Shell Museum, is awarded annually to enable malaeologists to visit the museum for a period of one week.
Abbott Fellows are expected, by performing collection-based research, to assist with the curation of portions of tire
Museums collection and to provide one talk for the general public. The Museum collection consists of marine, freshwater,
and terrestrial specimens. The majority of the collection lots have been catalogued through a computerized database
management system; part of the catalogue is already available for searches online at: www. http://shellmuseum.emc2webs
.com/collection/. The R. Tucker Abbott Visiting Curatorship is accompanied by a stipend of $1,500.

Interested malaeologists are invited to send a copy of their curriculum vitae, a letter detailing their areas of taxonomic
expertise and research objectives, and to provide a tentative subject for their talk. Send materials to:

Dr. Jose H. Leal, Science Director & Curator
The Bailey-Matthews National Shell Museum
P.O. Box 1580
Sanibel, FL 33957 USA
jleal@shellmuseum.org

Applications for the 2016 Visiting Curatorship should be sent electronically to the above e-mail address no later than
May 31, 2016, or postmarked by that date if sent by regular mail. The award will be announced by late June 2016.
Questions about tire Visiting Curatorship should be sent to the e-mail address above, or by phone at:

(239) 395-2233; fax (239) 395-6706

Errata

In the listing of “New Taxa Proposed in Volume 129” published in The Nautilus , volume 129, issue number 4, the
Editor neglected to include the following taxa, all proposed by Watters and Fraussen (2015):

NEW TAXA PROPOSED IN VOLUME 129

GASTROPODA

Engina annae Watters, 2015, new species (Buceinidae) . 97

Engina lignea Watters, 2015, new species (Buceinidae) . . . 106

Engina permixta Watters, 2015, new species (Buceinidae) . 106

Engina williamsae Watters, 2015, new species (Buceinidae) . 112

LITERATURE CITED

Watters, G.T. and K. Fraussen. 2015. A revision of the western Atlantic Ocean Engina with notes on Hesperistemia (Gastropoda:
Buceinidae: Pisaniinae). The Nautilus 129: 95-117.

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